NobelActive™ science

 

• ciência

 

NobelPerfect^®

Traditionally, endosseous implants with a flat implant-abutment interface were designed for treating completely edentulous patients with a flat bone crest due to resorption. However, the bone tissue morphology of partially edentulous jaws significantly differs from that of completely edentulous jaws. The NobelPerfect^® implant, which features a scalloped profile, was designed to mimic the scalloped irregular bony and soft tissue topography that is mostly present in situations of tooth loss adjacent to natural teeth (1-3). Several case reports and case series have been presented (4-11).

Reports describing treatment of patients with a scalloped margin implant have demonstrated esthetic clinical outcomes characterized by scalloped soft tissue profiles (4-7). Subjects with immediate placement of implants have shownsimilar enhanced first bone-to-implant contact levels when compared to the cases with delayed placement (11). In addition, a prospective study on 38 implants has been presented, showing a favorable implant success rate and peri-implant tissue response (12).

References

1. Wöhrle PS. NobelPerfect™ esthetic scalloped implant: rationale for a new design. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003; 5(suppl 1): 64-73. Abstract in PubMed

2 Wöhrle PS, Jovanovic SA. NobelPerfect™ – A biologic approach to predictable natural esthetics. Appl Osseointegration Res 2004; 4: 49-54.

3 Hanisch O, Dinkelacker W. The scalloped implant: a novel implant margin design mimicking the natural bone contour. Implantologie 2004; 12: 149-161.(German)

4 Leziy SS, Miller BA. Replacement of adjacent missing anterior teeth with scalloped implants: a case report. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2005; 17: 331-8. Abstract in PubMed

5 Rocci A, Gottlow J. Esthetic outcome of immediately loaded scalloped implants placed in extraction sites using flapless surgery. A 6-month report of 4 cases. Appl Osseointegration Res 2004; 4: 55-62.

6 Mitrani R, Adolfi D, Tacher S. Adjacent implant-supported restorations in the esthetic zone: Understanding the biology. J Esthet Restor Dent 2005; 17: 211-23. Abstract in PubMed

7 Khatami AH, Al-Ajmi M, Kleinman A. Preservation of the gingival architecture with the scalloped implant design: A clinical report. J Oral Implantology 2006; 32: 167-170. Abstract in PubMed

8 Yildirim M, Liebe J, Paland A, Spiekermann H. The “scalloped” implant. Clinical experiences with regard to functional and esthetic aspects. Implantologie 2005; 13: 279-299. (German)

9 Nowzari H, Chee W, Yi K, Pak M, Ho Chung W, Rich S. Scalloped dental implants: A retrospective analysis of radiographic and clinical outcomes of 17 NobelPerfect™ implants in 6 patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2006; 8: 1-10. Abstract in PubMed

10 Wöhrle PS. Commentary on “Scalloped dental implants: A retrospective analysis of radiographic and clinical outcomes of 17 NobelPerfect™ implants in 6 patients”. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2006; 8: 55-59.

11 McAllister BS. Scalloped implant designs enhance interproximal bone levels. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2007; 27: 9-15. Abstract in PubMed

12 Kan JYK, Rungcharassaeng K, Lieddelow G, Henry P, Goodacre CJ. Peri-implant tissue response following immediate provisional restoration of scalloped implants in the esthetic zone: A one-year pilot prospective multi-center study. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 97 (suppl) : 109-118.

NobelDirect^®

The NobelDirect^® one-piece implant has a TiUnite^® surface for bone and soft tissue contact. The implant design makes it possible to avoid manipulation of the soft tissue after initial healing. The abutment portion of the implant is preparable, which makes it possible to create an individualized preparation borderline that follows the anatomy of the soft tissue margin, without violating the soft tissue seal. Soft tissue in contact with the TiUnite^® surface has been shown to result in a normal appearance of the periimplant mucosa and a functional epithelium attached to the surface (1,2).

Case reports with excellent implant stability, esthetics and patient satisfaction in the short term perspective have been published (3,4). Four maxillary one-piece implants placed immediately post extraction using a flapless surgical technique, and immediately provisionalised, have been evaluated after 12 months; a mean marginal bone loss of 0.50 mm, clinically preserved papillae, and optimal esthetic results were reported (5). In a study evaluating the peri-implant marginal bone levels in patients with maxillary partial edentulism (6), a mean bone loss of 0.27 mm during the first 9 months has been reported.

Early clinical experience with NobelDirect^® implants for the restoration of single tooth defects has been reported for an observation period of 2.5 to 32 months, during which one implant failure occurred, resulting in a survival rate of 97.8%7. Forty-seven consecutively placed implants in one clinic were followed for up to 3 years. One implant failed resulting in an overall survival rate of 97.9%. The marginal bone level remained stable over time (8,9). In another single center study with 92 consecutively placed implants in 58 patients, no implant failure occurred. After a mean time of 17 months, healthy soft tissue conditions were present with the average bone level positioned at the first thread (10).

A retrospective evaluation of the clinical performance of the NobelDirect^® implant was performed on 1009 consecutively placed implants in 25 clinics. The evaluation demonstrated an overall survival rate of 98.2% with stable marginal bone levels over time (11).

Additional prospective multicenter studies (12-14) are ongoing for further evaluation of the hard and soft tissue response to NobelDirect^® implants; 1-year results from one of these studies demonstrate a mean marginal bone level slightly above the first thread and a 98.7% cumulative implant survival rate (12). The 2-year results from this study show stable margin bone level and soft tissue health (13).

References

1 Glauser R, Schüpbach P, Lundgren A-K, Gottlow J, Hämmerle C.H.F. Machined and oxidized microimplants retrieved from humans: a comparison using histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. EAO 2002. Abstract 64. Clin Oral Implants Res 2002;13(4).

2 Glauser R, Schupbach P, Gottlow J, Hämmerle C.H.F. Periimplant soft tissue barrier at experimental one-piece mini-implants with different surface topography in humans: A light-microscopic overview and histometric analysis. Clin Implant Dent Rel Res 2005;7(Suppl 1):44-51. Abstract in PubMed

3 Hahn J. One-piece root-form implants: A return to simplicity. J Oral Implantol 2005;2:77-84. Abstract in PubMed

4 Pompa G, Mancini G, Vozza I. Immediate loading on single NobelDirect^® implant. Minerva Stomatol. 2006;55(4):241-247. Abstract in PubMed

5 Volpe S, Boghi F, Bua F, Di Girolamo M. Immediate placement and provisionalization of single implants. EAO 2005. Abstract 74, Clin Oral Implants Res 2005;16(4).

6 Vozza I, Rispoli L, Rossi S, Di Carlo S, Pompa G. Evaluation of perimplant marginal bone on immediately loaded bridge restoration. Abstract #2076, IADR, March 2005. Abstract in PubMed

7 Parel S M, Schow S R. Early clinical experience with a new one-piece implant system in single tooth sites. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(Suppl2):2-10. Abstract in PubMed

8 Hahn J. Clinical evaluation of one-piece implants used for immediate function. A preliminary report of bone level up to 2-year. European J Dent Implantol 2006;2:1 suppl

9 Hahn J. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of one-piece implants used for immediate function. Accepted for publication in Journal of Oral Implantology (vol 33 issue mid-June) Abstract in PubMed

10 Siepenkothen T. Clinical performance and radiographic evaluation of a novel single-piece implant in a private practice over a mean of 17 months. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, J Prosthet Dent 2007; 97 : 69-78.

11 Siepenkothen T, Cluader A, Mehlau R. Multiple center clinical and radiographic evaluation of one-piece implants. A retrospective six-year evaluation. European J Dent Implantol 2006;2:1 suppl

12 Finne K, Rompen E, Toljanic J. Clinical evaluation of a prospective multi-centre study on one-piece implants. Part 1; Marginal bone level evaluation after one-year of follow-up. Int J Oral Maxiofac Implants 2007; 22: 226-234. Abstract in PubMed

13 Finne K, Rompen E, Toljanic J. Prospective multi-center study of marginal bone level and soft tissue health of a one-piece implant after 2 years. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 97 : 79-85.

14 Clinical evaluation of NobelDirect^® implants diameter 3 mm. Ongoing study in four centers. Clinical Research Department, Nobel Biocare AB.

15 Finne K, Rompen E, Toljanic J. Prospective multi-center study of marginal bone level and soft tissue health of a one-piece implant after 2 years. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97:79-85.

NobelReplace™

Clinical studies on Replace^® Tapered and Straight Implants

The Replace^® implants are available with a straight and a tapered body, and with two different surfaces: TiUnite^® and HA. The documentation referred to below consists of articles and abstracts published, or accepted for publication, in scientific journals.

TiUnite^® surface

The TiUnite^® surface was introduced on the market in the year 2000. It has proven to support the healing process and to preserve implant stability during healing better than machined surfaces in both experimental and clinical studies (1-28). Numerous studies have evaluated the use of TiUnite^® implants in various clinical and preclinical situations, using different types of protocols, and with various follow-up times (29-59). Five-year data have been published, demonstrating good long-term results for TiUnite^® implants (9).

HA-surface

The HA-coated surface has been documented in long-term studies including more than 3600 implants placed in about 1400 patients followed for 5 years after prosthetic loading. The results show high cumulative implant success rates, between 95 and 98% (60-69). Published articles with short-term results (1-2 years) on the HA-coated implants, used in single-stage surgery and early or immediate function, show the same high implant success rates (70-80). Histological evaluations of retrieved HA-coated implants in humans show that the Replace^® HA-coating is not prone to resorption or dissolution in contact with bone tissue (81-84).

Tapered and straight implant body designs

The Replace^® Select implant with a tapered design was introduced on the market in 1997 and has been documented in several clinical studies (73-80, 85-92). In most of these studies, single-stage surgery and immediate function were applied, and the implants were often placed directly into extraction sockets (73-80).The results show high cumulative implant success rates, between 97 and 100 %, after 1 year of prosthetic loading. The Replace^® Select straight implants have the same body design as the Brånemark System^® implants. This implant design is extensively documented in the many long-term (up to 20 years follow-up), prospective clinical studies performed over the last decades (93-133). In June 2005, NobelReplace™ was introduced. This implant has the same implant body as the Replace^® Select with the additional features of TiUnite^® surface on the entire implant body and grooves on threads and collar. Clinical studies on NobelReplace™ are currently ongoing (134-135).

References

1 Albrektsson T, Johansson C, Lundgren AK, Sul Y, Gottlow J. Experimental studies on oxidized implants. A histomorphometrical and biomechanical analysis. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:21-24.

2 Degidi M, Petrone G, Iezzi G, Piatelli A. Histologic evalaution of a human immediately loaded titanium implant with a porous anodized surface. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2002;4:110-114. Abstract in PubMed

3 Huang YH, Xiropaidis AV, Sorensen RG, Albandar JM, Hall J, Wikesjö UME. Bone formation at titanium porous oxide (TiUnite) oral implants in type IV bone. Clin Oral Impl Res 2005;16:105-111. Abstract in PubMed

4 Ivanoff C-J, Widmark G, Johansson C, Wennerberg A. Histologic evaluation of bone response to oxidized and turned titanium micro-implants in human jawbone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003;3:341-348. Abstract in PubMed

5 Rocci A, Martignoni M, Burgos P, Gottlow J, Sennerby L. Histology of retrieved immediately and early loaded oxidized implants. Light microscopic observations after 5 to 9 months of loading in the posterior mandible of 5 cases. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003;12 (Suppl 1):88-98. Abstract in PubMed

6 Schüpbach P, Glauser R, Rocci A, Martignoni M, Sennerby L, Lundgren AK, Gottlow J. The human bone-oxidized titanium implant interface: a microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, back-scatter electron microscopic, and energy-dispersive X-ray study of clinically retrieved implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):36-43. Abstract in PubMed

7 Zechner W, Tangl S, Furst G, Tepper G, Thams U, Mailath G, Watzek G. Osseous healing characteristics of three different implant types. A histologic and histomorphometric study in mini-pigs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003;14:150-157. Abstract in PubMed

8 Glauser R, Portmann M, Ruhstaller P, Lundgren AK, Hämmerle C, Gottlow J. Stability measurements of immediately loaded machined and oxidized implants in the posterior maxilla. A comparative clinical study using resonance frequency analysis. Appl Osseontegration Res 2001;2:27-29.

9 Glauser R, Zembic A, Ruhstaller P, Windisch S. Five-year results of implants with an oxidized surface placed predominantly in soft bone and subjected to immediate occlusal loading. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97:S59-S68.

10 Henry P, Tan A, Allan B, Hall J, Johansson C. Removal toque comparison of TiUnite and turned implants in the Greyhound dog mandible. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:15-17.

11 Rompen E, DaSilva D, Lundgren AK, Gottlow J, Sennerby L. Stability measurements of a double-threaded titanium implant design with turned or oxidized surfaces. An experimental resonance frequency analysis study in the dog mandible. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:18-20.

12 Salata LA, Rasmusson L, Novaes AB, Papalexiou V, Sennerby L. The influence of anodic oxidation on implant integration and stability in bone defects. An RFA study in the dog mandible. Appl Osseointegration Res 2002;3:32-34.

13 Brechter M, Nilson H, Lundgren S. Oxidized titanium implants in reconstructive jaw surgery. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):83-87. Abstract in PubMed

14 Calandriello R, Tomatis M. Simplified treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla via immediate/early function and tilted implants: a prospective 1-year clinical study. Clin Implant Dent RelatRes 2005;7 (Suppl 1):1-12. Abstract in PubMed

15 Maló P, Rangert B, Nobre M. All-on-4 immediate-function concept with Brånemark System^® implants for completely edentulous maxillae: a 1-year retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):88-94. Abstract in PubMed

16 Renouard F, Nisand D. Short implants in severely resorbed maxilla: a 2-year retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):104-110. Abstract in PubMed

17 Vanden Bogaerde L, Rangert B, Wendelhag I. Immediate/early function of Brånemark System^® TiUnite implants in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillae and posterior mandibles: an 18-month prospective clinical study. Clin Implant Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):121-131. Abstract in PubMed

18 Villa R, Rangert B. Early loading of interforaminal implants immediately installed after extraction of teeth presenting endodontic and periodontal lesions. Clin Implant Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):28-35.Abstract in PubMed

19 Balshi SF, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. A prospective study of immediate functional loading following the Teeth in a Day protocol: a case series of 55 consecutive edentulous maxillas. Clin Implant Relat Res 2005;7:24-31. Abstract in PubMed

20 Calandriello R, Tomatis M. Immediate function of single implants using Brånemark System^®. Prospective one year report of final restorations. Appl Osseointegration Res 2004;4:32-40.

21 Calandriello R, Tomatis M, Vallone R, Rangert B, Gottlow J. Immediate occlusal loading of single molars using Brånemark System^® Wide Platform TiUnite implants: An interim report of a prospective, open-ended clinical multi-center study. Clin Implant Relat Res 2003;5 (Suppl 1):74-80. Abstract in PubMed

22 Chiapasco M, Gatti C. Immediate loading of dental implants placed in revascularized fibula free flaps: a clinical report on 2 consecutive patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19;906-912. Abstract in PubMed

23 da Cunha HA, Francischone CE, Filho HN, de Oliveira RC. A comparison between cutting torque and resonance frequency in the assessment of primary stability and final toque capacity of standard and TiUnite single-tooth implants under immediate load. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19:578-585. Abstract in PubMed

24 Olsson M, Urde G, Andersen JB, Sennerby L. Early loading of maxillary fixed cross-arch dental prostheses suppoted by six or eight oxidized titanium implants: Results after 1 year of loading, case series. Clin Implant Relat Res 2003;5 (Suppl 1):81-87. Abstract in PubMed

25 Östman PO, Hellman M, Sennerby L. Direct implant loading in the edentulous maxilla using a bone densityadapted surgical protocol and primary implant stability criteria for inclusion. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):60-69. Abstract in PubMed

26 Rocci A, Martignoni M, Gottlow J. Immediate loading of Brånemark System^® with TiUnite and machined surfaces in the posterior mandible. A randomised, open-ended trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003;12 (Suppl 1):57-63. Abstract in PubMed

27 Vanden Bogaerde L, Pedretti G, Dellacasa P, Mozzati M, Rangert B. Early function of splinted implants in the maxillae and posterior mandibles using Brånemark System^® TiUnite implants: An 18-month prospective clinical multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003;5 (Suppl 1):21-28. Abstract in PubMed

28 van Steenberghe D, Glauser R, Blombäck U, Andersson M, Schutyser F, Pettersson A, Wendelhag I. A computed tomographic scan-derived customized surgical template and fixed prosthesis for flapless surgery and immediate loading of implants in fully edentulous maxillae: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):111-120. Abstract in PubMed

29 Aalam A-A, Nowzari H. Clinical evaluation of dental implants with surfaces roughened by anodic oxidation, dual acid-etched implants, and machined implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;20:793-798. Abstract in PubMed

30 Attard N J, David LA, Zarb GA. Immediate loading of TiUnite implants with mandibular overdentures: One-year clinical results of a prospective study. Int J Prosthodont 2005;18:463-470.Abstract in PubMed

31 Awillo K, Majewski P, Dijakiewicz M. Immediate loading of one-piece implants - Preliminary studies. EAO 2004. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4): lii: abstract 182.

32 Balshi SF, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. Analysis of 164 titanium oxide-surface implants in completely edentulous arches for fixed prosthesis anchorage using the ptergomaxillary region. Int J Oral Maxollofac Implants 2005;20:946-952. Abstract in PubMed

33 Becker W, Goldstein M, Becker BE, Sennerby L. Minimally invasive flapless implant surgery: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1): 21-27. Abstract in PubMed

34 Brochu J-F, Anderson JD, Zarb GA. The influence of early loading on bony crest height and stability: A pilot study. Int J Prosthodont 2005;18:506-512. Abstract in PubMed

35 Buch RSR, Biner J, Wegener J, Wagner W, Reichert T. Drei Jahre klinische Erfarung mit der TiUnite-Oberfläche. Z Zahnärztl Impl 2005;21(4):224-228.

36 Chaussé L. Immediate loading of mandibular short implants: 24 cases at 42 months. EAO 2004. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4):lii:abstract 115.

37 Duyck J, Vrielink L, Lambrichts I, Abe Y, Schepers S, Politis C, Naert I. Bone response around immediately versus delayed loaded oral implants with ill-fitting prostheses. EAO 2004. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4):lii:abstract 108.

38 Friberg B, Dahlin C, Widmark G, Östman PO, Billström C. One-year results of a prospecitve multicenter study on Brånemark System^® implants with a TiUnite surface. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1): 70-75.

39 Glauser R, Schüpbach, Lundgren AK, Gottlow J, Hämmerle CHF. Machined and oxidized microimplants retrieved from humans: a comparison using histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. EAO 2002. Abstract 64. Clinical Oral Implants Research 2002;13:xxv.

40 Glauser R, Schüpbach P, Gottlow J, Hämmerle CHF. Periimplant soft tissue barrier at experimental one-piece mini-implants with different surface topography in humans: a light-microscopic overview and histometric analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1): 44-51. Abstract in PubMed

41 Gottlow J, Henry P, Tan A, Allan B, Johansson C, Hall J. Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of the TiUnite and Osseotite implant surfaces in dogs. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:28-30.

42 Gottlow J, Johansson C, Albrektsson T, Lundgren AK. Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of the TiUnite and Osseotite implant surfaces in rabbits after 6 weeks of healing. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:25-27.

43 Hahn J. Clinical evaluation of one-piece implants used for immediate function. European J Dent Implantol 2006;2:1 suppl

44 Hall J, Miranda-Burgos P, Sennerby L. Stimulation of directed bone growth at oxidized implants by macrocopic grooves: an in vivo study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7 (Suppl 1):76-82. Abstract in PubMed

45 Knobloch L, Larsen PA, Rashid B, Carr AB Six-month performance of implants with oxidized and machined surfaces restored at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postimplantation in adult beagle dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19:350-356. Abstract in PubMed

46 Kyungsoo H, Sungam C, SangHwan K. Comparison of removal torques between anodizing implant and laser treated implant inserted in the rabbit femoral metaphysis. AO 2004 Poster #112.

47 Molly L, Quirynen M, van Steenberghe D. Influence of implant geometry and surface characteristics on primary stability and osseointegration. EAO 2004. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4):lii:abstract 89.

48 Östman PO, Hellman M, Wendelhag I, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency analysis measurements of implants at placement surgery. Int J Prosthodont 2006;19:77-83. Abstract in PubMed

49 Rocci A, Gottlow J. Esthetic outcome of immediately loaded scalloped implants placed in extraction sites using flapless surgery. A 6 month report of 4 cases. Appl Osseointegration Res 2004;4:55-62.

50 Schüpbach P, Glauser R, Guggenheim B. Evaluation of in situ biofilms on machined, acid-etched and oxidized titanium surfaces. EAO 2004. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4):li:abstract 82.

51 Schüpbach P, Glauser R, Lundgren AK, Gottlow J, Hämmerle CHF. Evaluation of the bone tissue around implants by a new microtomographic technique. IADR Abstract. J Dent Res 2002;82.

52 Sennerby L, Miyamoto I. Insertion torque and RFA analysis of TiUnite and SLA implants. A study in rabbit. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:31-33.

53 Siepenkothen T, Clauder A, Mehlau R. Multiple center clinical and radiographic evaluation of one-piece implants. European J Dent Implantol 2006;2:1 suppl

54 Suketa N, Sawase T, Tanaka Y, Kjellin P, Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T, Atsuta M. Photocatalytic reaction on TiUnite surfaces. EAO 2004. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4):lii:abstract 127.

55 Tomatis M, Calandriello R, Rangert B. Immediate loading of Brånemark implants with two different surfaces. EAO 2002. Abstract 78. Clinical Oral Implants Research 2002;13(4):abstract 78

56 Wöhrle P.S, Jovanovic SA A biological approach to predictable natural implant esthetics. Appl Osseointegration Res 204;4:49-54

57 Xiropaidis A V, Qahash, W H Lim, R H Shanaman, R G Sorensen, J M Wozney, U M Wikesjö, J Hall. Bone-implant contact at calcium phosphate and titanium porous oxide (TiUnite^®) modified dental implants. IADR Abstract. J Dent Res, Spec iss A 2002;81. p 489. #4001. Abstract in PubMed

58 Yildirim M. Die Bedeutung der Oberflächentopographie in der zahnärztlichen Implantologie. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 2001;56:D30

59 Zechner W, Tangl S, Tepper G, Furst G, Bernhart T, Haas R, Mailath G, Watzek G. Influence of platelet-rich plasma on osseous healing of dental implants: A histologic and histomorphometric study in minipigs. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants 2003;18:15-22 Abstract in PubMed

60 Albrektsson T, Johansson C, Lundgren AK, Sul Y, Gottlow J. Experimental studies on oxidized implants. A histomorphometrical and biomechanical analysis. Appl Osseointegration Res 2000;1:21-24

61 Buchs AU, Hahn J, Vassos DM. Interim clinical study report: A threaded, hydroxylapatite-coated implant – Five-year post-restoration safety and efficacy. Oral Implantology 1995;21:266-274. Abstract in PubMed

62 Buchs AU, Hahn J, Vassos DM. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants placed in the anterior maxilla. Implant Dent 1995;4:272-275. Abstract in PubMed

63 Buchs AU, Hahn J, Vassos DM. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants placed in the posterior mandible in support of fixed prostheses. Implant Dent 1996;5:106-110. Abstract in PubMed

64 Buchs AU, Hahn J, Vassos DM. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the anterior mandible supporting overdentures. Implant Dent 1996;5:188-192. Abstract in PubMed

65 Groisman M, Barcellos Ferreira HM, Frossard WM, de Menezes Fihlo LM, Harari ND. Clinical evaluation of hydroxyapatite-coated single-tooth implants: A 5-year retrospective study. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2001 ;13:355-360. Abstract in PubMed

66 Hahn J, Vassos DM. Long-term efficacy of hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical implants. Implant Dent 1997;6 :111-115. Abstract in PubMed

67 Jeffcoat MK, McGlumphy EA, Reddy MS, Geurs NC, Proskin H. Success of hydroxyapatite vs titanium implants: 5 year results. (Abstract) J Dent Res 81 (Spec Iss A) 2002. Abstract in PubMed

68 Jeffcoat MK, McGlumphy EA, Reddy MS, Geurs NC, Proskin H. A comparison of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated threaded, HA-coated cylindrical, and titanium threaded endosseous dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants 2003;18:406-410. Abstract in PubMed

69 Saadoun AP, LeGall ML. Clinical results and guidelines on Steri-Oss^® endosseous implants. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 1992;12:487-499. Abstract in PubMed

70 Chaushu G, Chaushu S, Tzohar A, Dayan D. Immediate loading of single-tooth implants: Immediate versus non-immediate implantation. A clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants 2001;16:267-272. Abstract in PubMed

71 Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada JM, Kan JYK, Kim JS, Campagni WV, Munoz CA. Peri-implant tissue response of immediately loaded, threaded, HA-coated implants: 1-year results. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:173-181. Abstract in PubMed

72 Vassos D. Single-stage surgery for implant placement: A retrospective study. J Oral Implantol. 1997;23:181-185. Abstract in PubMed

73 Anner R, Better H, Chaushu G. The clinical effectiveness of 6 mm diameter implants. J Periodontol 2005;76:1013-1015. Abstract in PubMed

74 Callan D, Hahn J, Hebel K, Kwong-Hing A, Smiler D, Vassos D, Wöhrle P, Zosky J. Retrospective multicenter study of an anodized, tapered, diminishing thread implant: Success rate at exposure. Implant Dent 2000;9:329-336. Abstract in PubMed

75 Kan JYK, Rungcharassaeng K. Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: A surgical and prosthodontic rationale. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 2000;12:817-824. Abstract in PubMed

76 Kan JYK, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada J. Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants 2003;18:31-39. Abstract in PubMed

77 Kirketerp P, Andersen J B, Urde G. Replacement of extracted anterior teeth by immediately loaded Replace^® Select HA-coated implants. A one-year follow-up of 35 patients. Applied Osseointegration Research 2002;3:40-43.

78 Proussaefs P, Kan J, Lozada J, Kleinman A Farnos A. Effects of immediate loading with threaded hydroxyapatitecoated root-form implants on single premolar replacement: A preliminary report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002;17:567-572. Abstract in PubMed

79 Proussaefs P, Lozada J. Immediate loading of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the maxillary premolar area: three-year results of a pilot study. J Prosthet Dent. 2004 Mar;91(3):228-33. Abstract in PubMed

80 Wöhrle PS. Single tooth replacement in the aesthetic zone with immediate provisionalization. Fourteen consecutive case reports. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1998; 9:1107-1114. Abstract in PubMed

81 De Lange G, Tadjoedin E. Fate of the HA coating of loaded implants in the augmented sinus floor: A human case study of retrieved implants. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2002;22:287-296. Abstract in PubMed

82 Proussaefs PT, Tatakis DN, Lozada J, Caplanis N, Rohrer MD. Histologic evaluation of hydroxyapatite-coated root-form implants retrieved after 7 years in function: A case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants 2000; 15:438-443. Abstract in PubMed

83 Proussaefs P, Lozada J, Ojano M. Histologic evaluation of threaded HA-coated root-form implants after 3.5 to 11 years of function: A report of three cases. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2001;21:21-29. Abstract in PubMed

84 Proussaefs P. Histologic evaluation of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated root-form implant located at a dehisced maxillary site and retrieved from a human subject: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:140-144. Abstract in PubMed

85 Achilli A, Tura F, Euwe E. Immediate/early function with tapered implants supporting maxillary and mandibular posterior fixed partial dentures: Preliminary results of a prospective multicenter study. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97;S52-S58.

86 Calandriello R, Tomatis M. Simplified treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla via immediate/early function and tilted implants: a prospective 1-year clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7(Suppl 1):1–12

87 Chaussé L. Immediate loading of mandibular short implants: 24 cases at 42 months. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15(4),Abstract 115

88 Groisman M, Frossard WM, Ferreira HM, de Menezes Filho LM, Touati B. Single-tooth implants in the maxillary incisor region with immediate provisionalization: 2-year prospective study. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2003 Mar;15(2):115-22, 124

89 Kancyper, Baffa, Cagnone, Closal, Rodriguez, Troiano, El-Ebrashi. Immediate loading of implants for single-tooth replacement: A multicenter prospective study of Replace^® Select implants. Abstract P-99, 19th Annual Meeting 2004, Academy of Osseointegration.

90 Rao W, Benzi R. Single mandibular first molar implants with flap-less guided surgery and immediate function: Preliminary clinical and radiographic study. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97:S3-S14.

91 Umezu K, Kan J, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada JL. Immediate loading of maxillary single premolar using the Replace^® TiUnite implants: Preliminary report of a prospective study. Abstract O-17, 19th Annual Meeting 2004, Academy of Osseointegration.

92 Östman PO, Hellman M, Sennerby L. Direct implant loading in the edentulous maxilla using a bone density–adapted surgical protocol and primary implant stability criteria for inclusion. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7(Suppl 1):60–69. Abstract in PubMed

93 Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Brånemark P-I, Jemt T. A long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 1990;5:347-359. Abstract in PubMed

94 Andersson B, Ödman P, Lindvall A-M, Brånemark P-I. Cemented single crowns on osseointegrated implants after 5 years: Results from a prospective study on CeraOne. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:212-218. Abstract in PubMed

95 Andersson B, Ödman P, Lindvall AM, Branemark P-I. Five-year prospective study of prosthodontic and surgical single-tooth implant treatment in general practices and at a specialist clinic. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:351-355. Abstract in PubMed

96 Attard N, Zarb GA. Implant prosthodontic management of posterior partial edentulism: Long-term follow-up of a prospective study. J Can Dent Assoc 2002;68:118-124. Abstract in PubMed

97 Attard N, Zarb G. Implant prosthodontic management of partially edentulous patients missing posterior teeth: The Toronto experience. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89:352-359. Abstract in PubMed

98 Bergendal T, Engquist B. Implant-supported overdentures: A longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998;13:253-262. Abstract in PubMed

99 Carlsson GE, Lindquist LW, Jemt T. Long-term marginal periimplant bone loss in edentulous patients.Int J Prosthodont 2000;13:295-302. Abstract in PubMed

100 Ekelund JA, Lindquist LW, Carlsson GE, Jemt T. Implant treatment in the edentulous mandible: a prospective study on Branemark system implants over more than 20 years. Int J Prosthodont. 2003;16(6):602-608. Abstract in PubMed

101 Eliasson A, Palmqvist S, Svenson B, Sondell K. Five-year results with fixed complete-arch mandibular prostheses supported by 4 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000;15:505-510. Abstract in PubMed

102 Ericsson I, Randow K, Nilner K, Petersson A. Some clinical and radiographical features of submerged and non-submerged titanium implants. A 5-year follow-up study. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997;8:422-426. Abstract in PubMed

103 Ericsson I, Randow K, Nilner K, Peterson A. Early functional loading of Branemark dental implants: 5-year clinical follow-up study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2000;2:70-77. Abstract in PubMed

104 Friberg B, Nilson H, Olsson M, Palmquist C. MkII: the self-tapping Brånemark implant. 5-year results of a prospective 3-center study. Clin Oral Impl Res 1997;8:279-285. Abstract in PubMed

105 Gunne J, Åstrand P, Lindh T, Borg K, Olsson M. Tooth-implant and implant supported fixed partial dentures: A 10-year report. Int J Prosthodont 1999;12:216-221. Abstract in PubMed

106 Hemmings KW, Schmitt A, Zarb GA. Complications and maintenance requirements for fixed prostheses and overdentures in the edentulous mandible: A 5-year report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:191-196. Abstract in PubMed

107 Henry PJ, Laney WR, Jemt T, Harris D, Krogh PHJ, Polizzi G, Zarb GA, Herrman I. Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement: A prospective 5-year multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996;11:450-455. Abstract in PubMed

108 Hultin M, Gustafsson A, Klinge B. Long-term evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the treatment of partly edentulous patients. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27:128-133. Abstract in PubMed

109 Jemt T. Fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla. A five-year follow-up report. Clin Oral Impl Res 1994;5:142-147. Abstract in PubMed

110 Jemt T, Bergendal B, Arvidson K, Bergendal T, Karlsson U, Linden B, Rundcrantz T, Wendelhag I. Implant-supported welded titanium frameworks in the edentulous maxilla: a 5-year prospective multicenter study. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15:544-548. Abstract in PubMed

111 Jemt T, Chai J, Harnett J, Heath MR, Hutton JE, Johns RB, McKenna S, McNamara DC , van Steenberghe D, Taylor R, Watson RM, Herrmann I. A 5-year prospective multi-center follow-up report on overdentures supported by osseointegrated implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996;11:291-298. Abstract in PubMed

112 Jemt T, Lekholm U. Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws: A 5-year follow-up report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 1993;8:635-640. Abstract in PubMed

113 Lekholm U, van Steenberghe D, Herrmann I, Bolender C, Folmer T, Gunne J, Henry P, Higuchi K, Laney WR, Lindén U. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous jaws: A prospective 5-year multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:627-635

114 Lekholm U, Gunne J, Henry P, Higuchi K, Lindén U, Bergström C, van Steenberghe D. Survival of the Brånemark Implant in partially edentulous jaws: A 10-year prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 1999;14:639-645. Abstract in PubMed

115 Lindquist LW, Carlsson GE, Jemt T. A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss. Clin Oral Impl Res 1996;7:329-336. Abstract in PubMed

116 Mengel R, Schröder T, Flores-de-Jacoby L. Osseointegrated implants in patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitis: 3- and 5-year results of a prospective long-term study. J Periodontol 2001;72:977-989. Abstract in PubMed

117 Naert I, Gizani S, Vuylsteke M, van Steenberghe D. A 5-year randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants in the mandibular overdenture therapy. Part I: Peri-implant outcome. Clin Oral Impl Res 1998;9:170-177. Abstract in PubMed

118 Naert I, Gizani S, Vuylsteke M, Van Steenberghe D. A 5-year prospective randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants retaining a mandibular overdenture: prosthetic aspects and patient satisfaction. J Oral Rehabil 1999;26:195-202. Abstract in PubMed

119 Naert I, Alsaadi G, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. I A 10-year randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants retaining mandibular overdentures: peri-implant outcome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19(5):695-702. Abstract in PubMed

120 Olsson M, Gunne J, Åstrand P, Borg K. Bridges supported by free-standing implants versus bridges supported by tooth and implant. A five-year prospective study. Clin Oral Impl Res 1995;6:114-121. Abstract in PubMed

121 Petersson A, Rangert B, Randow K, Ericsson I. Marginal bone resorption at different treatment concepts using Brånemark implants in anterior mandibles. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2001;3:142-147. Abstract in PubMed

122 Polizzi G, Fabbro S, Furri M, Herrmann I, Squarzoni S. Clinical application of narrow Branemark System implants for single-tooth restorations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1999;14:496-503. Abstract in PubMed

123 Polizzi G, Grunder U, Goene R, Hatano N, Henry P, Jackson WJ, Kawamura K, Renouard F, Rosenberg R, Triplett G, Werbitt M, Lithner B. Immediate and delayed implant placement into extraction sockets: A 5-year report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2000;2:93-99. Abstract in PubMed

124 Scheller H, Pi Urgell J, Kultje C, Klineberg I, Goldberg PV, Stevenson-Moore P, Navarro Alonso JM, Schaller M, Martinez Corria R, Engquist B, Toreskog S, Kastenbaum F, Smith CR. A 5-year multicenter study on implantsupported single crown restorations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998;13:212-218. Abstract in PubMed

125 Schnitman PA, Wohrle PS, Rubenstein JE, DaSilva JD, Wang NH. Ten-year results for Brånemark implants immediately loaded with fixed prostheses at implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997;12:495-503. Abstract in PubMed

126 Smedberg JI, Nilner K, Frykholm A. A six-year follow-up study of maxillary overdentures on osseointegrated implants. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 1999;7:51-56. Abstract in PubMed

127 Watson RM, Jemt T, Chai J, Harnett J, Heath MR, Hutton JE, Johns RB, Lithner B, McKenna S, McNamara DC, Naert I, Taylor R. Prosthodontic treatment, patient response, and the need for maintenance of complete implant-supported overdentures: An appraisal of 5 years of prospective study. Int J Prosthodont 1997; 10:345-354. Abstract in PubMed

128 Wyatt CC, Zarb GA. Treatment outcomes of patients with implant-supported fixed partial prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998;13:204-211. Abstract in PubMed

129 Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: the Toronto study. Part I: Surgical results. J Prosthet Dent 1990;63:451-457 Part II: The prosthetic results. J Prosthet Dent 1989;64:53-61 Part III: Problems and complications encountered. J Prosthet Dent 1990;64:185-194. Abstract in PubMed

130 Zarb GA, Schmitt A. Osseointegration and the edentulous predicament. The 10-year-old Toronto study. British Dentistry Journal 1991;170:439-444. Abstract in PubMed

131 Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants in anterior partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont 1993;6:180-188. Abstract in PubMed

132 Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants in posterior partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont 1993;6:189-196. Abstract in PubMed

133 Zitzmann NU, Schärer P, Marinello CP. Long-term results of implants treated with guided bone regeneration: a 5-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2001;16:355-366. Abstract in PubMed

134 A pilot study evaluating a modified Replace Select Tapered implant. Ongoing study in 1 center. Clinical Research Department, Nobel Biocare AB.

135 Clinical evaluation of the Nobel Replace Tapered Groovy Implant. Ongoing study in 8 centers. Clinical Research Department, Nobel Biocare AB.

Brånemark System^® Zygoma

The Brånemark System^® Zygoma implant concept presents a non-grafting alternative for the treatment of patients with extreme resorption of the maxillary bone. The zygoma implant design and placement protocols have been described in various publications (1-9). Other reports have focused on anatomical site evaluations for the placement of zygoma implants, image-based planning procedures, and clinical validations of implant placement using drill guides (8-17.)

Clinical studies have been performed with clinical success rates of 82–100% with follow-up periods of up to 5 years (11-12,18-49). Placement of multiple (2–4) zygoma implants in the same os zygomaticus (50-54), as well as immediate loading of zygoma implants (12,21-23,26,29,30) has also been reported. Sinoscopy performed in patients with zygoma implants showed no signs of infection or inflammation in the surrounding mucosa (28,55).

Zygoma implants have also been used with good results for retention of extra-oral prostheses (56).
A prospective multicenter study is ongoing for further evaluation of the Brånemark System^® Zygoma implant (33,57).

References

1 Bedrossian E, Strumpel LJ. Immediate stabilization at stage II in zygomatic implants: rationale and technique. J Proshet Dent 2001;86:10-14. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

2 Boyes-Varley JG, Howes DG, Lownie JF, Blackbeard GA. Surgical modifications to the Brånemark zygomaticus protocol in the treatment of the severely resorbed maxilla: a clinical report. J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003; 18:232-237. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

3 Boyes-Varley JG, Howes DG, Lowine JF. The zygomaticus implant protocol in the treatment of severely resorbed maxilla. SADJ 2003;58:106-109, 113-114. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

4 Higuchi KI. The zygomaticus fixture: an alternative approach for implant anchorage in the posterior maxilla. Ann Roy Australas Coll Dent Surg 2000;15:28-33. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

5 Malevez C, Daelemans P, Adriaenssens P, Durdu F. Use of zygomatic implants to deal with resorbed posterior maxillae. Periodontology 2000. 2003;33:82-89. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

6 Stella PJ, Warner MR. Sinus slot technique for simplification and improved orientation of zygomatic dental implants: a techniqual note. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000;15:889-893. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed</</em>

7 [No authors listed] Inroads in implantology: managing the severely resorbed maxillary alveolus. SADJ 2000;55:120-121. em>

8 Vrielinck L, Politis C, Schepers S, Pauwels M, Naert I. Image-based planning and clinical validation of zygoma and pterygoid implant placement in patients with severe bone atrophy using customized drill guide. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;32:7-14. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

9 van Steenberghe D, Malavez C, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Serhal CB, Dhoore E, Schutyser F, Suetens P, Jacobs R. Accuracy of drilling guides for transfer from three-dimantional CT-based planning to placement of zygoma implants in human cadavers. Clin Oral Impl Res 2003;14:131-136. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

10 Abarca M, Nejadnik S, Daelemans P, Malevez C. Reconance frequency measurements of zygomatic implant stability. Preliminary results. Clin Oral Impl Res 2003; 14:xxix.

11 Bedrossian E, Stumpel L, Beckely M, Indersano T. The zygomatic implant: preliminary data on treatment of severely resorbed maxillae. A clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002;17:861-865. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

12 Chow J, Hui E, Lee PK, Li W: Zygomatic implants--protocol for immediate occlusal loading: a preliminary report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;64:804-811. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

13 Kato Y, Kizu Y, Tonogi M, Ide Y, Yamane G-y. Internal structure of zygomatic bone related to zygomatic fixture. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:1325-1329. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

14 Nkenke E, Hahn M,Lell M, Schultze-Mosgau S, Stech B, Neukam FW. Anatomic site evaluation of the zygoma for dental implant placement. Clin Oral Impal Res 2001;12:411.

15 Nkenke E, Hahn M, Lell M, Wiltfang J, Schultze-Mosgau S, Stech B, Radespiel-Tröger M, Neukam FW. Anatomic site evaluation of the zygomatic bone for dental implant placement. Clin Oral Impl Res 2003;14:72-79. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

16 Rigolizzo MB, Camilli JA, Francischone CE, Padovani CR, Brånemark P-I. Zygomatic bone: anatomic bases foe osseointegrated implant anchorage. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;20:441-447. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

17 Wu YQ, Zhang ZY, Zhang CP, Huang W, Sun J, Zhang ZY. (The installation of zygomatic implants and drilling guide). Article in Chinese. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Mar;41(3):140-3.

18 Ahlgren F, Storksen K, Tornes K: A study of 25 zygomatic dental implants with 11 to 49 months’ follow-up after loading. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:421-425. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

19 Al-Nawas B, Wegener J, Bender C, Wagner W. Clinical soft tissue parameters of the zygomatic implant. J Clin Periodontol 2004;31:497-500. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

20 Aparicio C, Ouazzani W, Garcia R, Arevalo X, Muela R, Fortes V: A prospective clinical study on titanium implants in the zygomatic arch for prosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla with a follow-up of 6 months to 5 years. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2006;8:114-122. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

21 Balshi S, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. Analysis of 164 titanium oxide-surface implants in completely edentulous arche for fixed prosthesis anchorage using pterygomaxillary region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;20:946-952. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

22 Balshi TJ, Wolfinger GJ. Teeth in a Day^® for the maxilla and mandible: case report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003;5:11-16. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

23 Balshi TJ, Wolfinger GJ. Immediate loading of dental implants in the edentulous maxilla: case study of a unique protocol. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2003;23:37-45. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

24 Balshi TJ, Wolfinger GJ. Treatment of congenital ectodermal dysplasia with zygomatic implants: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002;17:277-281. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

25 Becktor JP, Isaksson S, Abrahamsson P, Sennerby L. Evaluation of 31 zygomatic implants and 74 regular dental implants used in 16 patients for prosthetic reconstryction of the atrophic maxilla with cross-arch fixed bridges. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005;7:159-165. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

26 Bedrossian E, Rangert B, Stumpel L, Indresano T. Immediate Function™ with the zygomatic implant: a graftless solution for the patient with mild to advanced atrophy of the maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21(6):937-42. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

27 Bergendahl T, Nilsson P, Kanje M, Fåhraeus J. Evaluation of patients treated with zygoma implants supporting fixed prostheses: preliminary results from 40 patients after 2 years. Int J prosthodont 2006;19:24.

28 Brånemark PI, Gröndahl K, Öhrnell L-O, Nilsson P, Petruson B, Svensson B, Engstrand P, Nannmark U. The zygoma option. Clinical procedure and long-term results. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 2004;38:70-85. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

29 Davò Rodriguez R, Rojas J. Immediate Function™ in the atrophic upper jaw: the Zygoma Fixture. EAO 2006 Abstract 88 Clin Oral Impl Res 2006; 17 (4):1.

30 Davò Rodriguez R, Malevez C, Rojas J. Immediate Function™ in atrophic upper jaw using Zygoma implants. Submitted to J Prosth Dent 2007 Suppl

31 Farzad P, Andersson L, Gunnarsson S, Johansson B: Rehabilitation of severely resorbed maxillae with zygomatic implants: an evaluation of implant stability, tissue conditions, and patients' opinion before and after treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:399-404. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

32 Ferrara ED, Stella JP. Restoration of the edentulous maxilla: the case for the zygomatic implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:1418-1422.

33 Hirsch J-M, Öhrnell L-O, Henry PJ, Andreasson L, Brånemark P-I, Chiapasco M, Grynther G, Finne K, Higuchi KW, Isaksson S, Kahnberg K-E, Malevez C, Neukam FW, Sevetz E, Urgell JP, Widmark G, Bolind P. A clinical evaluation of the zygoma fixture. One year follow-up at 16 clinics. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:22-29. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

34 Landes CA. Zygoma implant-supported midfacial prosthetic rehabilitation: a 4-year follow-up study including assessment of quality of life. Clin Oral Impl Res 2005;16:313-325. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

35 Malevez C, Abarca M, Durdu F, Daelemans P. Clinical outcome of 103 consecutive zygomatic implants:a 6-48 months follow-up study. Clin Oral Impl Res 2004;15:18-22. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

36 Nakai H, Okazaki Y, Ueda M. Clinical application of zygomaticus implants for severely resorbed maxilla. Clin Oral Impl Res 2001;12:410.

37 Patel RR, Brook MI, Wragg PF. Zygoma implants or sinus augmentation and conventional implants? Clin Oral Impl Res 2003;14:xxxix.

38 Peñarrocha-Diago M, Uribe-Origone R, Rambla-Ferrer J, Guarino-Carbó J.Fixed rehabilitation of a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia using zygomatic implants. Oral Surg Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;98:161-5. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

39 Peñarrocha-Diago M, Uribe-Urigone R, Guarinos-Carbó J. Implant-supported rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla: A clinical report. J Prosthodont 2004;13:187-191. Abstract in PubMed Abstract in PubMed

40 Peñarrocha-Diago M, Boronat A, Cervera R, Garcia B: Fixed ceramometallic prostheses over anterior and transzygomatic implants by using the sinus slot technique--report of a case. J Oral Implantol 2006;32:38-40. Abstract in PubMed

41 Peñarrocha M, Uribe R, García B, Martí E. Zygomatic implants using the sinus slot technique: clinical report of patient series. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2005;20:788-792. Abstract in PubMed

42 Pham AV, Abaraca M, De Mey A, Malevez C. Rehabilitaion of a patient with cleft lip and palate with extremely edentulous atrophied posterior maxilla using zygomatic implants: case report. Cleft Platae Craniofac J. 2004;41:571-574. Abstract in PubMed

43 Salinas TJ. Extended-length implants for reconstruction of the edentulous maxilla. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2001;13:608. Abstract in PubMed

44 Sevetz EB Jr. Treatment of the severely atrophic fully edentulous maxilla: the zygoma implant option. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2006;14(1):121-36. Abstract in PubMed

45 Sorní M, Guarinos J, Peñarrocha M. Implants in anatomical buttresses of the upper jaw. Med Oral Patol Cir Bucal 2005;10:163-168. Abstract in PubMed

46 Stevenson ARL, Austin BW. Zygomatic fixtures-the Sidney experience. Ann Roy Australas Coll Dent Surg 2000;15:337-339. Abstract in PubMed

47 Tamura H, Sasaki K, Watahiki R. Primary insertion of implants in the zygomatic bone following subtotal maxillectomy. Bull Tokyo dent Coll 2000;41:21-24. Abstract in PubMed

48 Weischer T, Schettler D, Mohr C. Titanium implants in the zygoma as retaining elements after hemimaxillectomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997;12:211-214. Abstract in PubMed

49 Zwahlen RA, Gratz KW, Oechslin CK, Studer SP: Survival rate of zygomatic implants in atrophic or partially resected maxillae prior to functional loading: a retrospective clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:413-420. Abstract in PubMed

50 Balshi T, Wolfinger GJ, Petropoulos VC. Quadruple zygomatic implant support for retreatment of resorbed iliac crest bone graft transplant. Implant Dent 2003;12:47-53. Abstract in PubMed

51 Bothur S, Jonsson G, Sandahl L. Modified technique using multiple zygomatic implants in reconstruction of the atrophic maxilla: a technical note. Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003;18:902-904. Abstract in PubMed

52 Nakai H, Okazaki Y, Ueda M. Clinical application of zygomatic implants for rehabilitation of the severely resorbed maxilla: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003;18:566-570. Abstract in PubMed

53 Parel SM, Brånemark P-I, Ohrnell L-O, Svensson B. Remote implant anchorage for the rehabilitation of maxillary defects. J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:277-381. Abstract in PubMed

54 Schmidt BL, Pogrel MA, Young CW, Sharam A. Reconstruction of extencive maxillary defect using zygomaticus implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62:82-89. Abstract in PubMed

55 Petruson B. Sinoscopy in patients with titanium implants in the nose and sinuses. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2004;38:86-93. Abstract in PubMed

56 Bowden JR, Flood TR, Downie IP: Zygomaticus implants for retention of nasal prostheses after rhinectomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;44:54-56. Abstract in PubMed

57 A clinical evaluation of the Zygoma implant. Three years follow-up at 16 clinics. In manuscript. Ongoing study in 16 centers. Clinical Department, Nobel Biocare AB.

Brånemark System Facts & Figures

Brånemark System^® is synonymous with the revolution in dental care with the introduction of safe and effective implants. Professor Brånemark, it's inventor, has always put the patient in focus and ensured the outcome with meticulous clinical evidence. The first patient was treated in 1965, and Brånemark System^® is today the most used and documented implant system on the market. More than 1000 articles, published in scientific journals, report on the use and the excellent outcome of Brånemark System^® implants.

A dominating position

In a published review (6) on prospective, long-term  clinical studies, Brånemark System^® had a dominating position; more than 50% of the reviewed articles reported on studies performed with Brånemark System^® implants.

1 Andersson B, Ödman P, Lindvall A-M, Brånemark P-I. Cemented single crowns on osseointegrated implants after 5 years: Results from a prospective study on CeraOne. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:212-8 Abstract in PubMed

2 Andersson B, Ödman P, Lindvall A-M, Brånemark P-I. Five-year prospective study of prosthodontic and surgical single-tooth implant treatment in general practices and at a specialist clinic. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:351-5. Abstract in PubMed

3 Attard NJ, Zarb GA. Implant prosthodontic management of partially edentulous patients missing posterior teeth: The Toronto experience. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89:352-9. Abstract in PubMed

4 Attard NJ, Zarb GA. Long-term treatment outcomes in edentulous patients with implant-fixed prostheses: The Toronto study. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:417-24. Abstract in PubMed

5 Attard NJ, Zarb GA. Long-term treatment outcomes in edentulous patients with implant overdentures: The Toronto study. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17:425-33. Abstract in PubMed

6 Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant therapy reported in prospective longitudinal studies of 5 years. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29 (suppl 3):197-212. Abstract in PubMed

7 Bergendal T, Engquist B. Implant-supported overdentures: A longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998;13:253-62. Abstract in PubMed

8 Carlsson GE, Lindquist LW, Jemt T. Long-term marginal periimplant bone loss in edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont 2000;13:295-302. (See also reference Ekelund JA et al 2003) Abstract in PubMed

9 Ekelund JA, Lindquist L, Carlsson G, Jemt T. Implant treatment in the edentulous mandible: A prospective study on Brånemark System^® implants over more than 20 years. Int J Prosthodont 2003;16:602-8. Abstract in PubMed

10 Eliasson A, Palmqvist S, Svenson B, Sondell K. Five-year results with fixed complete-arch mandibular prostheses supported by 4 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000;15:505-10. Abstract in PubMed

11 Ericsson I, Randow K, Nilner K, Peterson A. Early functional loading of Brånemark dental implants: 5-year clinical follow-up study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2000;2:70-7. Abstract in PubMed

12 Friberg B, Nilson H, Olsson M, Palmquist C. MkII: the self-tapping Brånemark implant. 5-year results of a prospective 3-center study. Clin Oral Impl Res 1997;8:279-85. Abstract in PubMed

13 Glauser R, Zembic A, Ruhstaller P, Windisch S. Five-year results of implants with an oxidized surface placed predominantly in soft bone and subjected to immediate occlusal loading. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97 (suppl): 59-68.

14 Gunne J, Åstrand P, Lindh T, Borg K, Olsson M. Tooth-implant and implant supported fixed partial dentures: a 10-year report. Int J Prosthodont 1999;12:216-21. Abstract in PubMed

15 Hemmings KW, Schmitt A, Zarb GA. Complications and maintenance requirements for fixed prostheses and overdentures in the edentulous mandible: A 5-year report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:191-6. (See also reference Attard NJ & Zarb GA 2004) Abstract in PubMed

16 Henry PJ, Laney WR, Jemt T, Harris D, Krogh PHJ, Polizzi G, Zarb GA, Herrmann I. Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement: A prospective 5-year multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996;11:450-5. Abstract in PubMed

17 Jemt T. Fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla. A five-year follow-up report. Clin Oral Impl Res 1994;5:142-7. Abstract in PubMed

18 Jemt T, Chai J, Harnett J, Heath M R, Hutton J E, Johns R B, McKenna S, McNamara D C , van Steenberghe D, Taylor R, Watson R M, Herrmann I. A 5-year prospective multi-center follow-up report on overdentures supported by osseointegrated implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996;11:291-8.(See also reference Watson RM et al 1997) Abstract in PubMed

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